PROPOLEOS ANTIOXIDANTE
|
1: Life Sci. 2006 Jan 30; [Epub ahead of
print] |
Propolis protects human spermatozoa from DNA damage caused by
benzo[a]pyrene and exogenous reactive oxygen species.
Russo A, Troncoso N, Sanchez F, Garbarino JA, Vanella A.
Department
of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of
Catania, v.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Many environmental, physiological and genetic factors have been implicated in
defective sperm function, the most common cause of infertility. In addition,
sperm preparation techniques such as centrifugation, used prior to in vitro
fertilization, are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and an increase in the level of DNA damage. Factors that can offer
spermatozoa protection are, therefore, of great importance. This study was
designed to examine in vitro the effect of a Chilean propolis ethanolic extract
on human spermatozoa treated with benzo[a]pyrene and exogenous reactive oxygen
species. Our experimental evidence demonstrated that the natural drug under
investigation is able to protect genomic DNA by damage induced by
benzo[a]pyrene, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and hydrogen peroxide in
combination with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO(4)),
determining a significant reduction of the intracellular oxidants. An increase
in membrane damage, measured by monitoring the formation of thiobarbituric
acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, was
observed only in sperm treated with H(2)O(2), ADP and FeSO(4). The propolis
extract was shown to possess the capacity to protect sperm membrane from the
deleterious action of oxidative attack, reducing TBARS formation and LDH
release. In summary, our results evidence that the protective effect exhibited
by this natural compound in human spermatozoa is correlated, at least in part,
to the antioxidant capacity of its active components, and suggest that propolis
may have a role in protection against male infertility.
PMID: 16457855 [PubMed - as supplied by
publisher]
|
2: Life Sci. 2005 Dec 20; [Epub ahead of
print] |
Therapeutic effect of paclitaxel and propolis on lipid peroxidation and
antioxidant system in 7,12 dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer in
female Sprague Dawley rats.
Padmavathi R, Senthilnathan P, Chodon D, Sakthisekaran D.
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women of developed and
developing countries. The optimum management of which requires a
multidisciplinary approach including the use of certain biochemical and
molecular markers. The effect of propolis along with paclitaxel on 7,12
dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced experimental breast cancer was
investigated in female Sprague Dawley rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats were
divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as normal control
animal. Group II animals received DMBA (20 mg in 0.5 ml sunflower oil and 0.5
ml of saline) i.p. to develop mammary tumor by the end of 90 days. Group III
were breast cancer animals treated with 33 mg paclitaxel/kg body weight (bw)
weekly once for 4 weeks. Group IV were breast cancer-bearing animals treated
with 50 mg propolis/kg bw for 30 days. Group V were breast cancer-bearing
animals treated with both paclitaxel and propolis as mentioned above.
Administration of paclitaxel and propolis effectively suppressed breast cancer,
which is revealed by the decrease in the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO)
with concomitant increase in the activities of enzymic antioxidants (superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and
non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C and Vitamin E)
levels when compared to breast cancer-bearing animals treated with either
paclitaxel or propolis alone. From our results, we conclude that propolis is a
potent antioxidant and, when given in combination with paclitaxel, offers
maximum protection against DMBA induced mammary carcinogenesis.
PMID: 16375927 [PubMed - as supplied by
publisher]
|
3: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Dec
28;53(26):10306-9. |
Suppressive effects of ethanolic extracts from propolis and its main
botanical origin on dioxin toxicity.
Park YK, Fukuda I, Ashida H, Nishiumi S, Yoshida K, Daugsch A, Sato HH, Pastore GM.
Department of Food Science,
Suppressive effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from propolis group 12 and
its main botanical origin (leaf bud of Baccharis dracunculifolia) on
transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the initial action of
dioxin toxicity, were investigated. It was found that suppressive effects of
propolis on AhR transformation were relatively higher than those of resins of
its botanical origin in cell-free system and in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. When the
composition of chemical ingredients was measured, propolis contained slightly
higher amounts of flavonoid aglycones as compared with its botanical origin
with the same characteristics. Moreover, antiradical activity, one of the
typical biological activities of flavonoids, in propolis was also slightly
higher than that in its botanical origin. These results indicate that not only
propolis but also its botanical origin contains high amounts of flavonoid
aglycones and that both of them are useful dietary sources for flavonoids with
a potency to prevent dioxin toxicity.
PMID: 16366731 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
4:
Toxicol
Ind Health. 2005 Oct;21(9):223-30. |
Mobile phone-induced myocardial oxidative stress: protection by a novel
antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Ozguner F, Altinbas A, Ozaydin M, Dogan A, Vural H, Kisioglu AN, Cesur G, Yildirim NG.
Department of Physiology,
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or radiofrequency fields of cellular mobile
phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals, which appear
mainly to enhance lipid peroxidation, and by changing the antioxidant defense
systems of human tissues, thus leading to oxidative stress. Mobile phones are
used in close proximity to the heart, therefore 900 MHz EMR emitting mobile
phones may be absorbed by the heart. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16342473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
5:
Mol
Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;281(1-2):153-61. |
The protective role of topical propolis on experimental keratitis via
nitric oxide levels in rabbits.
Duran N, Koc A, Oksuz H, Tamer C, Akaydin Y, Kozlu T, Celik M.
Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
antibacterial properties of propolis in the treatment of experimental
Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Twenty young
PMID: 16328968 [PubMed - in process]
|
6:
Mol
Cell Biochem. 2006 Jan;282(1-2):83-8. |
Protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against
retinal oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: A comparative study.
Ozguner F, Bardak Y, Comlekci S.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P.
K. 13, Isparta, 32100, Turkey, drmfehmi@yahoo.com.
There are numerous reports on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in
various cellular systems. Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16317515 [PubMed - in process]
|
7: Am J Kidney Dis. 2005
Dec;46(6):e125-9. |
Acute renal failure induced by a Brazilian variety of propolis.
Li YJ, Lin JL, Yang CW, Yu CC.
Department of Nephrology,
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees and used in hive
construction and maintenance. Cumulative evidence suggests that propolis may
have anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antioxidant, antihepatotoxic, and antitumor
properties. In addition to topical applications, products containing propolis
have been used increasingly as dietary supplements. Although reports of
allergic reactions are not uncommon, propolis is reputed to be relatively
nontoxic. Its systemic toxicity is rarely reported and hence may be
underestimated. This is the first report of propolis-induced acute renal
failure. A 59-year-old man required hemodialysis for acute renal failure. The
patient had cholangiocarcinoma and had ingested propolis for 2 weeks before
presentation. Renal function improved after propolis withdrawal, deteriorated
again after reexposure, and then returned to a normal level after the second
propolis withdrawal. This case indicates that propolis can induce acute renal
failure and emphasizes the need for vigilance and care when propolis is used as
a medicine or dietary supplement.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16310564 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
8: Life Sci. 2005 Nov 19; [Epub ahead of
print] |
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester ameliorates cerebral infarction in rats
subjected to focal cerebral ischemia.
Tsai SK, Lin MJ, Liao PH, Yang CY, Lin SM, Liu SM, Lin RH, Chih CL, Huang SS.
Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University
and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital,
Taipei, Taiwan.
The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16303144 [PubMed - as supplied by
publisher]
|
9: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 14; [Epub
ahead of print] |
Propolis: Effect of different concentrations, extracts and intake period
on seric biochemical variables.
Mani F, Damasceno HC, Novelli EL, Martins EA, Sforcin JM.
Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, UNESP, 18600-000 Botucatu,
SP,
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees that possesses many
biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory, among others. The purpose of the
present study was to investigate the biochemical profile of propolis-treated
rats to observe whether propolis might lead to side effects after
administration. Three different treatments were analyzed: (1) rats were treated
with different concentrations of propolis (1, 3 and 6mg/kg/day) during 30 days;
(2) rats were treated with 1mg/kg/day of ethanolic or water extracts of
propolis (EEP, WEP) during 30 days; (3) rats were treated with 1mg/kg/day of
ethanolic extract of propolis during 90 and 150 days. Our results demonstrated
no alterations in the seric levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total
lipids, triglycerides and in the specific activity of aminotransferases (AST)
and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) of propolis-treated groups when compared to
controls. On the basis of our findings, since propolis does not induce any
significant change in seric parameters, it is claimed that long-term
administration of propolis might not have any cardiac injury.
PMID: 16293383 [PubMed - as supplied by
publisher]
|
10: J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov
16;53(23):8957-62. |
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and
antimutagenicity of propolis from
Nieva Moreno MI,
Zampini IC, Ordonez RM, Jaime GS, Vattuone MA, Isla MI.
Instituto de Estudios Vegetales Dr Antonio Rodolfo Sampietro, Facultad de
Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Ayacucho 461,
4000 San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina.
This study
evaluates the toxic, genotoxic/mutagenic, and antimutagenic effects of propolis
extract from Amaicha del Valle,
PMID: 16277388 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
11:
Am
J Chin Med. 2005;33(5):779-86. |
Protective effect of propolis ethanol extract on ethanol-induced renal
toxicity: an in-vivo study.
Liu CF, Lin CH, Lin CC, Lin YH, Chen CF, Lin SC.
Acute p.o. administration of absolute ethanol (10 ml/kg) to fasted mice would
produce extensive renal failure. Pretreatment with p.o. administration of
propolis ethanol extract (PEE) could prevent such renal failure effectively and
dose dependently. This renal protective effect of PEE may be contributed, at
least in part, to its antioxidative activity. The maximal antioxidative effect
against absolute ethanol (AE)-induced renal failure could be observed 1 hour
after PEE administration. In order to further investigate the renal protective
mechanism of PEE, lipid peroxidation and superoxide scavenging activity were
conducted in vivo. PEE exhibited dose-dependent antioxidative effects on lipid
peroxidation in mice renal homogenate. Results indicated that mice with acute
renal failure have higher malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with those
in PEE administered mice. It was concluded that the renal protective mechanism
of PEE could be contributed, at least in part, to its prominent superoxide
scavenging effect; hence, it could protect, indirectly, the kidney from
superoxide-induced renal damages.
PMID: 16265990 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
12: Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2005
Autumn;35(4):440-8. |
In vivo effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptotic changes in rats.
Cagli K, Bagci C, Gulec M, Cengiz B, Akyol O, Sari I, Cavdar S, Pence S, Dinckan H.
Division of Cardiovascular Surgery,
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has been reported to induce apoptotic cellular death
in myocardium. This study tested the hypothesis that caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (
PMID: 16254262 [PubMed - in process]
|
13: Cancer Lett. 2005 Oct 15; [Epub
ahead of print] |
Dietary artepillin C suppresses the formation of aberrant crypt foci
induced by azoxymethane in mouse colon.
Shimizu K, Das SK, Baba M, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K.
Department
of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology,
Artepillin C, a prenylated phenylpropanoid found specifically in Brazilian
propolis, has been shown to be a bioavailable antioxidant. In this study,
artepillin C was tested for colon cancer-preventing activity using
azoxymethane-challenged ddY mice. Oral doses of 80 and 160mg/kg body weight of propolis
or 10mg/kg of artepillin C (equi-amounts to 160mg propolis) reduced
significantly the frequency of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by 39.2, 43.7
and 43.4%, respectively. In liver of the mice, glutathione S-transferase and
NADPH:quinone reductase activity increased with the doses of propolis or
artepillin C, and an antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) was found to be
activated for binding DNA. Artepillin C is considered to suppress the formation
of colonic ACF through the activation of ARE and induction of phase II enzymes
in liver.
PMID: 16236434 [PubMed - as supplied by
publisher]
|
14:
Mol
Carcinog. 2005 Dec;44(4):293-9. |
Artepillin C in Brazilian propolis induces G(0)/G(1) arrest via
stimulation of Cip1/p21 expression in human colon cancer cells.
Shimizu K, Das SK, Hashimoto T, Sowa Y, Yoshida T, Sakai T, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K.
Department
of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University,
Kobe, Japan.
Potential chemopreventive agents exist in foods. Artepillin C in Brazilian
propolis was investigated for its effects on colon carcinogenesis. We had found
that artepillin C was a bioavailable antioxidant, which could be incorporated
into intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepG2 cells without any conjugation and
inhibited the oxidation of intracellular DNA. Artepillin C was then added to
human colon cancer WiDr cells. It dose-dependently inhibited cell growth,
inducing G(0)/G(1) arrest. The events involved a decrease in the kinase
activity of a complex of cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and in the levels
of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylated at Ser 780 and 807/811. The inhibitors
of the complex, Cip1/p21 and Kip1/p27, increased at the protein level. On the
other hand, Northern blotting showed that artepillin C did not affect the
expression of Kip1/p27 mRNA. According to the experiments using isogenic human
colorectal carcinoma cell lines, artepillin C failed to induce G(0)/G(1) arrest
in the Cip1/p21-deleted HCT116 cells, but not in the wild-type HCT116 cells.
Artepillin C appears to prevent colon cancer through the induction of
cell-cycle arrest by stimulating the expression of Cip1/p21 and to be a useful
chemopreventing factor in colon carcinogenesis.
PMID: 16224795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
15: Biomed Pharmacother. 2005
Dec;59(10):561-70. Epub 2005 Aug 10. |
Antitumor, hematostimulative and radioprotective action of water-soluble
derivative of propolis (WSDP).
Orsolic N, Basic I.
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science,
Several studies suggest that dietary supplementation with antioxidant can
influence the response to chemotherapy as well as the development of adverse
side effects caused by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Using CBA mouse
model, we investigated a clinically potential use of a water-soluble derivative
of propolis (WSDP) in the treatment of various cytopenias induced by radiation
and/or chemotherapy. Also, the antimetastatic efficiency of WSDP given
intraperitoneally alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and
their effects on the blood leukocytes count as well as on hematopoiesis were
studied. Tumor was a transplantable mammary carcinoma (MCa) of CBA mouse.
Metastases in the lung were generated by injecting viable tumor cells intravenously
(iv). WSDP (50 or 150 mg/kg) exerted a significant antimetastatic effect (P
< 0.001) when given either before or after tumor cell inoculation. In
combined treatment WSDP and Epirubicin profoundly inhibited metastasis
formation; this synergistic effect is maximal when Epirubicin and WSDP were
administrated after tumor cell inoculation. Positive outcome of combined
treatment with WSDP and Epirubicin was also found regarding the number of red
and white blood cells in peripheral blood while in mice treated with Epirubicin
alone the significant drop in all hematological parameters was noticed on day
13 after tumor cell inoculation. Furthermore, when WSDP (50 mg/kg) was given
perorally (po) for 20 consecutive days an increased number of exogenous CFUs
was found in treated mice. WSDP given either for 20 or 40 days increased
cellularity of hematopoietic tissue and the number of leucocytes in peripheral
blood; prolonged treatment with WSDP also elevated myeloid and megakaryocytic
types of CFUs. To conclude, these findings indicate that the combination of
WSDP with chemotherapeutics could increase the antimetastatic potential of
chemotherapeutic agents; these findings suggest the benefits of potential
clinical trials using WSDP combined with chemotherapeutic agents in order to
maximize their antitumor activity and minimize postchemotherapeutic or
radiotherapeutic deteriorated reactions.
PMID: 16202559 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
16:
Mol
Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):109-15. |
Lithium-induced renal toxicity in rats: protection by a novel
antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
Oktem F, Ozguner F, Sulak O, Olgar S, Akturk O, Yilmaz HR, Altuntas I.
Department of Pediatric Nephrology,
Lithium carbonate used in the long-term treatment of manic-depressive illness
has been reported to lead to progressive renal impairment in rats and humans.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16132721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
17:
Mol
Cell Biochem. 2005 Sep;277(1-2):73-80. |
A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents
long-term mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat. Prognostic
value of malondialdehyde, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and nitric oxide
determination.
Ozguner F, Oktem F, Ayata A, Koyu A, Yilmaz HR.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, P.
K. 13, Isparta, 32100, Turkey. drmfehmi@yahoo.com
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16132717 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
18:
Mol
Cell Biochem. 2005 Aug;276(1-2):31-7. |
Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and caffeic
acid phenethyl ester (
Ozguner F, Oktem F, Armagan A, Yilmaz R, Koyu A, Demirel R, Vural H, Uz E.
Department of Physiology,
Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16132682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
19:
Clin
Biochem. 2005 Oct;38(10):943-7. |
Antiarrhythmic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
Huang SS, Liu SM, Lin SM, Liao PH, Lin RH, Chen YC, Chih CL, Tsai SK.
Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine,
Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to determine the antiarrhythmic
effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis,
which exhibits antioxidant properties, in rats subjected to myocardial ischemia
and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. DESIGN AND METHODS: Rats were subjected
to 30 min coronary artery occlusion for evaluating the effect of
PMID: 16098504 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
20:
Nat
Prod Res. 2005 Oct;19(7):673-8. |
Chemical composition of propolis from
Christov R, Trusheva B, Popova M, Bankova V, Bertrand M.
The chemical composition of propolis from two regions in
PMID: 16076637 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
21:
Leuk Res.
2005 Nov;29(11):1343-6. |
Evaluation of Manisa propolis effect on leukemia cell line by telomerase
activity.
Gunduz C, Biray C, Kosova B, Yilmaz B, Eroglu Z, Sahin F, Omay SB, Cogulu O.
Propolis is a resinous substance which is used by bees to repair and maintain
their hives. It has more than 180 compounds including flavonoids, phenolic
acids and its esters which have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral,
immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. Propolis is shown
to inhibit cell division and protein synthesis. However the exact mechanism
underlying antitumor effect is not clearly described. On the other hand
progressive telomere shortening to a critical level results with senescence of
normal cells by inducing apoptosis and telomerase prevents erosion of
telomeres. In this study we aimed to evaluate hTERT ratios in propolis-treated
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CCFR-CEM) cell line. Cell counts and cell
viability of propolis-treated and propolis-free T-cell acute lymphoblastic
leukemia (CCFR-CEM) cell line were assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion test
and MTT assay. The LightCycler instrument was used (online real-time PCR) for
the quantification of hTERT in CCFR-CEM cell line. The hTERT ratio
significantly decreased 60 and 93% after 24 and 72 h respectively compared to
the initial value of the cells incubated with propolis. It had almost no
cytotoxic effect and caused 30, 30, 22 and 12% decrease in cell counts after
24, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively which is statistically significant. In
conclusion propolis may show antitumor and apoptotic effect via inhibiting
telomerase expression besides the mechanisms which have been described
previously.
PMID: 16055186 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
22:
Int
Immunopharmacol. 2005 Oct;5(11):1652-7. |
Effects of Turkish pollen and propolis extracts on respiratory burst for
K-562 cell lines.
Aliyazicioglu Y,
Deger O, Ovali E, Barlak Y, Hosver I, Tekelioglu Y, Karahan SC.
Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine,
Bee-collected pollen and propolis are apicultural products which are composed
of nutritionally valuable substances and contain considerable amounts of
polyphenol substances which may act as potent antioxidants. We wanted to show
if respiratory burst within a cancer cell lines could be influenced when
incubated with pollen and propolis extracts or not. Pollen and propolis
extracts at concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5 and 0 mg/ml were prepared by
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). K-562 cell cultures and mononuclear cell (MNC)
cultures prepared from a peripheral blood sample to serve as control cells were
incubated with extracts for 24 h. Determination of respiratory burst was
carried out by intracellular dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) test by using flow-cytometric
fluorescence analysis. While about 90% and 66% fluorescence was detected at
zero concentrations for both K-562 and MNC cultures, fluorescence positivity
decreased (between 3.8% and 11.8%) as concentrations of both propolis and
pollen extracts increased for K-562 cell culture, but unchanged (between 20%
and 83%) for MNC culture. It was concluded that pollen and propolis extracts
inhibit respiratory burst within cancer cell lines probably by their
antioxidant potentials.
PMID: 16039555 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
23:
Exp
Lung Res. 2005 Jun;31(5):483-96. |
Oleic acid-induced lung injury in rats and effects of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester.
Koksel O, Kaplan MB, Ozdulger A, Tamer L, Degirmenci U, Cinel L, Basturk M, Kanik A.
Department
of Thoracic Surgery,
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 16019983 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
24:
Toxicology.
2005 Sep 1;212(2-3):155-64. |
The protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against
cyclosporine A-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Rezzani R, Giugno L, Buffoli B, Bonomini F, Bianchi R.
Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology,
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the immunosuppressor, which is most frequently used in
transplant surgery and in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Oxidative
stress has been considered as one of the possible mechanisms of CsA-induced
cardiotoxicity. The present investigation examines the ability of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester (
PMID: 15967562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
25: Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2006;19(2):90-5. Epub
2005 Jun 13. |
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on lipopolysaccharide-induced
lung injury in rats.
Koksel O, Ozdulger A, Tamer L, Cinel L, Ercil M, Degirmenci U, Unlu S, Kanik A.
Department
of Thoracic Surgery,
Extracts of propolis, a natural beehive product, have been known for centuries
to have a variety of beneficial medical properties, among which their
anti-inflammatory effect is a major one. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 15953745 [PubMed - in process]
|
26: J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 Sep
15;39(3-4):455-62. |
Assessment of the antioxidant activities of Brazilian extracts of
propolis alone and in topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Marquele FD, Di Mambro VM, Georgetti SR, Casagrande R, Valim YM, Fonseca MJ.
Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao
Preto-USP, Av. do Cafe s/n 14049, 903
The antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis and of formulations added with
these extracts were measured by scavenging different radicals in different
systems. For the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and the glycolic extract
of propolis (GEP) the IC50 observed were respectively of 0.024 and 0.035
microL/mL in scavenging hydroxyl radical, 0.016 and 0.012 microL/mL in
inhibiting lipid peroxidation, 0.22 and 0.24 microL/mL in inhibiting
chemiluminescence produced in the H2O2/luminol/horseradish peroxide (HRP)
system and about 0.005 microL/mL for both extracts in inhibiting
chemiluminescence produced in the xanthine/luminol/xanthine oxidase (XOD)
system. The antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis in the formulations
was not able to be assessed neither using the deoxyribose assay, since the
formulation components interfered in the assay measurements, nor using
chemiluminescence in the H2O2/luminol/HRP system, since this method did not
show to be sensitive for the extract of propolis evaluation. However, the
antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis could be successfully evaluated in
the formulations using both lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence generated
in the xanthine/luminol/XOD system inhibitions.
PMID: 15908158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
27:
Neurosci
Lett. 2005 Jul 22-29;383(1-2):39-43. |
The flavanoide caffeic acid phenethyl ester blocks
6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.
Noelker C, Bacher M, Gocke P, Wei X, Klockgether T, Du Y, Dodel R.
Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University,
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars
compacta. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is specific to dopaminergic neurons in
intrastriatal rodent models. It induces neuronal death either via uncoupling
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulting in energy deprivation or
alternatively, is associated with its ability to produce hydrogen peroxide,
hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (
PMID: 15894425 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
28:
Biochem
Pharmacol. 2005 Jun 15;69(12):1815-27. |
Chrysin induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells through
inducing p21Waf1/Cip1 expression: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein
kinase.
Weng MS, Ho YS, Lin JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10018,
Taiwan.
Flavonoids are a broadly distributed class of plant pigments, universally
present in plants. They are strong anti-oxidants that can inhibit
carcinogenesis in rodents. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural and
biologically active compound extracted from many plants, honey, and propolis.
It possesses potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties, promotes cell
death, and perturbing cell cycle progression. However, the mechanism by which
chrysin inhibits cancer cell growth remains poorly understood. Therefore, we
developed an interest in the relationship between MAPK signaling pathways and
cell growth inhibition after chrysin treatment in rat C6 glioma cells. Cell
viability assay and flow cytometric analysis suggested that chrysin exhibited a
dose-dependent and time-dependent ability to block rat C6 glioma cell line cell
cycle progression at the G1 phase. Western blotting analysis showed that the
levels of Rb phosphorylation in C6 glioma cells exposed to 30 microM chrysin
for 24h decreased significantly. We demonstrated the expression of
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(Waf1/Cip1), to be significantly
increased, but the p53 protein level did not change in chrysin-treated cells.
Both cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and 4 (CDK4) kinase activities were
reduced by chrysin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, chrysin also
inhibited proteasome activity. We further showed that chrysin induced p38-MAPK
activation, and using a specific p38-MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, attenuated
chrysin-induced p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. These results suggest that chrysin
exerts its growth-inhibitory effects either through activating p38-MAPK leading
to the accumulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) protein or mediating the inhibition of
proteasome activity.
PMID: 15869744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
29:
J
Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Apr 26;98(3):301-5. |
Effect of propolis, some isolated compounds and its source plant on
antibody production.
Sforcin JM, Orsi RO, Bankova V.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP,
18618-000 Botucatu, S.P., Brazil.
Propolis is a beehive product with a very complex chemical composition, widely
used in folk medicine because of its several therapeutic activities. Its
biological properties and chemical composition may vary according to the
geographic location and to the different plant sources. The possible mechanism
of action of propolis as well as of its active compounds has been the subject
of researchers in recent years. In this work, first we reported the results of
our study on the seasonal effect of the immunomodulatory action of propolis on
antibody production in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-immunized rats. Then, we
compared the effect of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis, some isolated
compounds and Baccharis extract on anti-BSA antibody levels. Based on the
results, we conclude that propolis stimulates antibody production,
independently of the season and geographic origin. Caffeic acid, quercetin and
Baccharis extract had no effect on antibody production, although the importance
of isolated compounds is well reported in other biological assays. Propolis
action is a consequence of plant-derived products with synergic effects, while
isolated compounds or extracts from its plant sources had no effect in this
assay.
PMID: 15814263 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
30:
Biol
Pharm Bull. 2005 Apr;28(4):694-700. |
Synergistic antitumor effect of polyphenolic components of water soluble
derivative of propolis against Ehrlich ascites tumour.
Orsolic N, Kosalec I, Basic I.
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb,
Croatia.
Effect of two preparation (Croatian and Brazilian) of water-soluble derivative
of propolis (WSDP), caffeic acid, quercetin, chrysin, naringenin (components
present in WSDP) on the development of Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) was evaluated.
Test components (50 mg/kg) were given perorally or intraperitoneally 2 h prior
the intraperitonel injection of EAT (2 x 10(6)) cells. It was observed that all
test compounds effectively inhibited tumour growth and the proliferation of
EAT. The volume of ascitic fluid induced by EAT cells and total number of cells
present in the peritoneal cavity was markedly reduced in EAT-bearing mice
treated with test components. In treated mice the number of polymorphonuclear
(PMN) cells in the peritoneal cavity was increased while the number of
macrophages was decreased. The macrophage spreading activity revealed that WSDP
and all test compounds affected the functional state of macrophages increasing
their tumorcidal activity; the effect of WSDP was most pronounced indicating
synergistic effect of components present in WSDP. Antitumor activity of WSDP
may be the result of different specific mechanism(s) of flavonoids present as
compared to individual flavonoid given alone. It is likely that the part of
antitumor efficacy of test components against EAT cells was the results of
increased activity of macrophages.
PMID: 15802812 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
31:
Acta
Med Croatica. 2004;58(5):373-6. |
[Antioxidative activity of propolis from Dalmatia (Croatia)]
[Article in Croatian]
Katalinic V, Radic S, Ropac D, Mulic R, Katalinic A.
Odjel sanitarne kemije i toksikologije, Institut pomorske medicine HRM, Split,
Hrvatska.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidative activity of
propolis from ecologically clean parts of Dalmatia. METHODS: Phenol
concentration in ethanolic propolis extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu
reagent using gallic acid as the standard. Flavonoid phenolic compounds were
analyzed after precipitation with formaldehyde. The residual non-flavonoid
phenolics were also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. By determining the
change of peroxide number (PN), of tiobarbiture acid reactive species (TBARS),
and of DPPH-radical activity, antioxidative efficiency of propolis was tested
and compared with well known and widely used synthetic antioxidants. Values of
PN and TBARS were determined at 60 degrees C in samples of trigyceride
substrate (lard) without and with the addition of antioxidants. Compared was
the efficiency of three antioxidants: propolis (alcoholic extract), vitamin E,
and (+)-catechin in a concentration of 1%. PN was monitored during 50 days. By
the method of Sedlacek, TBARS were measured during 30 days. Antioxidative
activity of propolis extract was also measured in terms of hydrogen donating
ability using stable radical alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picril hidrazyl (DPPH*)
and compared with commercial synthetic antioxidants of butylated hydroxyanisole
(BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and (+)-cathecin. Inhibition degree of
DPPH* was calculated by the formula of Yen and Duh. RESULTS: Total phenol
content, expressed as gallic acid, in propolis extracts varied from 75.2 to
90.2 g/kg propolis. The proportion of flavonoids in total phenols ranged from
62% to 65%. Values of TBARS were not increased only in samples with added
propolis. The inhibition of DPPH-radical by propolis extracts ranged from 93%
to 96%, by catechin 95%, by BHT 49%, and by BHA 64%. Compared to BHT and BHA,
propolis extracts showed greater reducing activity against DPPH-radical.
DISCUSSION: The chemical composition of propolis, and thus its biological
activity depend on the plant from which it has been collected, and on the
macro- and microclimatic conditions. Many compounds in propolis exert
antioxidative activity. A belief was expressed that the biological activity of
propolis is very probably based mostly on its antioxidative efficiency.
Dalmatian propolis showed high efficiency in the prevention of oxidative
processes. This could be explained by the high proportion of polyphenol
constituents, especially flavonoids. A very low and equal degree of increase of
PN, as a measure of oxidative processes, was noticed in the samples of
triglyceride substrate with the addition of propolis and (+)-catechin. The
greatest rise of TBARS was measured in the samples of pure lard. There was no
increase of TBARS only in the samples with added propolis. Propolis and
(+)-catechin showed great efficiency in the inhibition of DPPH-radical, greater
than BHT and BHA, which are widely used in food industry. CONCLUSION: The
results indicate that Dalmatian propolis could be an efficient protective agent
against oxidative processes in food. The high antioxidative activity of
propolis, its natural origin, and present knowledge about its biological
properties, make it a very promising nutritional additive for human diet.
PMID: 15756802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
32:
Yakugaku
Zasshi. 2005 Mar;125(3):315-21. |
[Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and hypouricemia effect of
propolis in rats]
[Article in Japanese]
Yoshizumi K, Nishioka N, Tsuji T.
Fancl Corporation Central Research Laboratory, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan.
kayoshizu@fancl.co.jp
The xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of propolis from China and Brazil
was measured. The propolis from both place were seen to have XOD inhibitory
activity. However, a stronger tendency was shown in the propolis from China.
The compounds in each the propolis were measured quantitatively. A great deal
of chrysin, galangin, and caffeic acid phenetyl ester were found in the
propolis from China, an abundance of p-coumaric acid and artepillin C in the
propolis from Brazil. Therefore it was revealed that the propolis compounds are
very different depending on their place of origin. The XOD inhibitory activity
of these five compounds was measured. Caffeic acid phenetyl ester had the
strongest activity, with chrysin and galangin next; p-coumaric acid and
artepillin C showed weak XOD inhibitory activity. We evaluated the hypouricemic
effect of propolis from China on hyperuricemia induced by the uricase
inhibitor, oxonic acid (500 mg/kg p.o., 1 h before the test drugs), and
measured plasma uric acid values in rats. Oral propolis had a hypouricemic
effect 2 h after its administration to oxonate-pretreated rats. These results
suggested that a continuous intake of propolis may be effective for the
prevention and the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.
PMID: 15738631 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
33: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Feb
28;97(2):273-80. Epub 2005 Jan 12. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects kidneys against carbon
tetrachloride toxicity in rats.
Ogeturk M, Kus I, Colakoglu N, Zararsiz I, Ilhan N, Sarsilmaz M.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig,
Turkey.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis produced
by honeybees, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of
this study was to investigate possible protective effects of CAPE on carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced renal damage in rats. A total of 24 animals were
divided into three equal groups: the control rats received pure olive oil
subcutaneously, rats in the second group were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg,
s.c. in olive oil) and rats in the third group were injected with CCl4 (0.5
ml/kg) plus CAPE (10 micromol/kg, i.p.) every other day for one month. At the
end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples
were collected. Serum urea and creatinine levels and renal malondialdehyde
(MDA) contents were determined. Histopathological examination of the kidney was
also performed using light microscopic methods. It was found that kidney MDA
levels were increased significantly following CCl4 exposure and this increase
was significantly inhibited by CAPE treatment, while no significant changes
were observed in serum urea and creatinine levels. CCl4 administration alone
also caused histopathologically prominent damage in the kidney compared to the
control group. Glomerular and tubular degeneration, interstitial mononuclear
cell infiltration and fibrosis, and vascular congestion in the peritubular
blood vessels were observed in the renal cortex. With exception of rare
vascular congestions, these histopathological changes were disappeared in rats
treated with CCl4 plus CAPE. In view of the present findings, it is suggested
that CAPE protects kidneys against CCl4 toxicity.
PMID: 15707765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
34:
Int
Immunopharmacol. 2005 Feb;5(2):359-68. |
Effects of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis on bactericidal activity of
macrophages against Salmonella Typhimurium.
Orsi RO, Sforcin JM, Funari SR, Bankova V.
Department of Production and Animal Exploration-School of Veterinary Medicine
and Animal Husbandry-UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Propolis has been used in folk medicine since ancient times due to its many
biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant,
immunomodulatory activities, among others. Macrophages play an important role
in the early phase of Salmonella infection. In this work, macrophages were
prestimulated with Brazilian or Bulgarian propolis and subsequently challenged
with Salmonella Typhimurium at different macrophage/bacteria ratio. After 60
min of incubation, cells were harvested with Triton-X to lyse the macrophages. To
assess the bactericidal activity, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of
S. typhimurium was determined by plating 0.1 mL in Mueller Hinton agar. After
24 h, CFU were counted, and the percentage of bactericidal activity was
obtained. Propolis from Brazil and Bulgaria enhanced the bactericidal activity
of macrophages, depending on its concentration. Brazilian propolis seemed to be
more efficient than that from Bulgaria, because of their different chemical
composition. In Bulgaria, bees collect the material mainly from the bud exudate
of poplar trees, while in Brazil, Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. was shown to be
the main propolis source. Our data also showed that the increased bactericidal
activity of macrophages involved the participation of oxygen (H(2)O(2)) and
nitrogen (NO) intermediate metabolites.
PMID: 15652765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
35:
Clin
Biochem. 2005 Feb;38(2):191-6. |
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on lipid peroxidation and
antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rat heart.
Okutan H, Ozcelik N, Yilmaz HR, Uz E.
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University Medical
School, 6 Mart Ataturk C. Istiklal M. Oztunc A., No:1 D:4 32050 Isparta,
Turkey. okutanh@yahoo.com
OBJECTIVES: The risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high in
diabetes mellitus. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a
dominant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has several biological and
pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anti-carcinogenic, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. In light of the
antioxidant ability of CAPE, the effects of CAPE on the antioxidative status of
cardiac tissue were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into three groups:
group I, control, nondiabetic rats (n = 9); group II, STZ-induced, untreated
diabetic rats (n = 7); and group III, STZ-induced, CAPE-treated diabetic rats
(n = 10). In groups II and III, diabetes developed 3 days after intraperitoneal
(ip) administration of a single 35 mg kg(-1) dose of STZ. Thereafter, while the
rats in group II received no treatment, the rats in group III began to receive
a 10 mumol kg(-1) ip dose of CAPE per day. After 8 weeks, the levels of
malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),
catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the cardiac tissues of
all groups were analyzed. RESULTS: In untreated diabetic rats, MDA markedly
increased in the cardiac tissue compared with the control rats (P < 0.05). However,
MDA levels were reduced to the control level by CAPE. The activities of SOD and
CAT in the untreated diabetic group and the CAPE-treated diabetic group were
higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Rats in the CAPE-treated
diabetic group had reduced activities of SOD and CAT in comparison with the
rats in the untreated diabetic group (P < 0.05). There were no significant
differences in the activity of GSH-Px between the rats in the untreated
diabetic group and the control group. However, the activity of GSH-Px was
increased in CAPE-treated diabetic rats compared with the control and untreated
diabetic rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results reveal that diabetes
mellitus increases oxidative stress in cardiac tissue and CAPE has an
ameliorating effect on the oxidative stress via its antioxidant property.
PMID: 15642285 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
36:
Fitoterapia.
2004 Dec;75(7-8):683-9. |
New polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Venezuelan propolis.
Trusheva B, Popova M, Naydenski H, Tsvetkova I, Gregorio Rodriguez J,
Bankova V.
Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Two new polyisoprenylated benzophenones,
18-ethyloxy-17-hydroxy-17,18-dihydroscrobiculatone A and
18-ethyloxy-17-hydroxy-17,18-dihydroscrobiculatone B, together with the known
scrobiculatones A and B, were isolated from Venezuelan propolis. The
scrobiculatones A and B showed significant antibacterial activity and moderate
toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii.
PMID: 15567244 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
37: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Dec
1;52(24):7286-92. |
Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various
areas of Korea.
Ahn MR, Kumazawa S, Hamasaka T, Bang KS, Nakayama T.
Laboratory of Functional Food Science and COE Program in the 21st Century,
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada,
Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant
sources. The composition of propolis depends on time, vegetation, and the area
of collection. This study examined the antioxidant activity of propolis from
various areas of Korea: Chilgok, Cheongju, Geochang, Muju, Pocheon, and Sangju.
Ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) were prepared and evaluated for their
antioxidant activity by beta-carotene bleaching, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
free radical scavenging, and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic
acid) radical cation decolorization assays. Furthermore, the major constituents
in EEP were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with
a photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection, and each component was
quantitatively analyzed. EEP from Cheongju and Muju had relatively strong
antioxidant activity accompanied by high total polyphenol contents. Propolis
from Cheongju contained large amounts of antioxidative compounds, such as
caffeic acid, kaempferol, and phenethyl caffeate. On the other hand, propolis
from Pocheon had compounds not seen in propolis from other areas.
PMID: 15563208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
38:
Life Sci.
2004 Dec 17;76(5):545-58. |
Chilean propolis: antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action in
human tumor cell lines.
Russo A, Cardile V, Sanchez F, Troncoso N, Vanella A, Garbarino JA.
Department
of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of
Catania, v.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania-Italy. alrusso@unict.it
Propolis, a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees,
has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine all over the
world. The composition of the propolis depends upon the vegetation of the area
from where it was collected and on the bee species. In this study, we
investigated the antioxidant activity of a propolis sample, provided by
NATURANDES-CHILE, collected in a temperate region of central Chile. In
addition, this natural compound was tested for its antiproliferative capacity
on KB (human mouth epidermoid carcinoma cells), Caco-2 (colon adenocarcinoma
cells) and DU-145 (androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells) human tumor cell
lines. Results showed that this Chilean propolis sample exhibits interesting
biological properties, correlated with its chemical composition and expressed
by its capacity to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit tumor cell growth.
PMID: 15556167 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
39:
Yakugaku
Zasshi. 2004 Nov;124(11):847-50. |
[Assessment of antioxidant activity of natural compound by water- and
lipid-soluble antioxidant factor]
[Article in Japanese]
Usami E, Kusano G, Katayose T, Wachi H, Seyama Y.
Chigasaki Municipal Hospital, Chigasaki 253-0042, Japan.
kusuri@mqi.biglobe.ne.jp
We evaluated the antioxidant activity of natural compounds in water-soluble and
lipid-soluble phases and found that ferulic acid, quercetin and caffeic acid
showed stronger activity in the water-soluble phase. Various fractions isolated
from Bidens pilosa showed this activity mainly in the water-soluble phase. Antioxidant
activity in the lipid-soluble phase of propolis depended on the lipophilic
extraction.
PMID: 15516812 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
40: Indian J Exp Biol. 2004
Oct;42(10):993-7. |
Effect of propolis extract on acute carbon tetrachloride induced
hepatotoxicity.
Shukla S, Bhadauria M, Jadon A.
School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.
dr_sshukla@hotmail.com
Ethanolic extract of propolis was administered to rats intoxicated by carbon
tetrachloride. Administration of bolus dose of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, ip) resulted in
elevation of serum transaminases and serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Levels
of hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly increased. On the contrary,
there was significant decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione level. The
propolis extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, po) exhibited recoupment in both pre- and
post-treatment (prophylactic and curative studies) of biochemical changes
induced by CCl4. The post treatment of 200 mg/kg, po extract showed most
significant hepatoprotective effect. Histopathological studies showed damage in
hepatocytes and disturbed chord arrangement after toxicant administration. Propolis
extract (200 mg/kg, po) was found to be more effective in restoring CCl4
induced histopathological alterations.
PMID: 15511003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
41:
Oncol Res.
2004;14(9):415-26. |
Resveratrol and propolis as necrosis or apoptosis inducers in human
prostate carcinoma cells.
Scifo C, Cardile V, Russo A, Consoli R, Vancheri C, Capasso F, Vanella A, Renis M.
Department of Biological Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Biology,
University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Vegetables and fruit help the prevention and the therapy of several kinds of
cancer because they contain micronutrients, a class of substances that have
been shown to exhibit chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. In the
present study the effects of resveratrol (100 and 200 microM), a phytoalexin
found in grapes, and of the ethanolic extract of propolis (50 and 100
microg/ml), a natural honeybee hive product, were tested in androgen-resistant
prostate cancer cells (DU145), a cell line resembling the last stage of
prostate carcinoma. A comparison between the activity of these micronutrients
and vinorelbine bitartrate (Navelbine), a semi-synthetic drug normally used in
the therapy of prostate cancer, was conducted. Several biochemical parameters
were tested, such as cell viability (MTT assay), cell membrane integrity
(lactate dehydrogenase release), cell redox status (nitric oxide formation,
reactive oxygen species production, reduced glutathione levels), genomic DNA
fragmentation (COMET assay) with special attention on the presence of apoptotic
DNA damage (TUNEL test), and possible mitochondrial transmembrane potential
alteration (deltapsi). Our results point out the anticancer activity of
resveratrol and propolis extract in human prostate cancer, exerting their
cytotoxicity through two different types of cell death: necrosis and apoptosis,
respectively. The data obtained suggest the possible use of these
micronutrients both in alternative to classic chemotherapy, and in combination
with very low dosage of vinorelbine (5 microM).
PMID: 15490973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
42: Evid Based Complement Alternat
Med. 2004 Sep 1;1(2):175-185. |
Comparison of Radical Scavenging Activity, Cytotoxic Effects and
Apoptosis Induction in Human Melanoma Cells by Taiwanese Propolis from
Different Sources.
Chen CN, Weng MS, Wu CL, Lin JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
Propolis is a sticky substance that is collected from plants by honeybees. We
previously demonstrated that propolins A, B, C, D, E and F, isolated from
Taiwanese propolis (TP), could effectively induce human melanoma cell apoptosis
and were strong antioxidant agents. In this study, we evaluated TP for free
radical scavenging activity by DPPH (1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The
phenolic concentrations were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The
apoptosis trigger activity in human melanoma cells was evaluated. TP contained
a higher level of phenolic compounds and showed strong capability to scavenge
free radicals. Additionally, TP1g, TP3, TP4 and TP7 exhibited a cytotoxic
effect on human melanoma cells, with an IC(50) of approximately 2.3, 2.0, 3.3
and 3.3 mug/ml, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis for DNA fragmentation
indicated that TP1g, TP2, TP3 and TP7 could induce apoptosis in human melanoma
cells and there is a marked loss of cells from the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
To address the mechanism of the apoptosis effect of TP, we evaluated its
effects on induction of apoptosis-related proteins in human melanoma cells. The
levels of procaspase-3 and PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] were markedly
decreased. Furthermore, propolins A, B, C, D, E and F in TP were determined
using HPLC. The results indicate that TP is a rich source of these compounds. The
findings suggest that TP induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells due to its
high level of propolins.
PMID: 15480443 [PubMed - as supplied by
publisher]
|
43: Cell Biochem Funct. 2004
Sep-Oct;22(5):287-90. |
The effects of the caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on erythrocyte
membrane damage after hind limb ischaemia-reperfusion.
Tamer L, Sucu N, Ercan B, Unlu A, Calikoglu M, Bilgin R, Degirmenci U, Atik U.
Department
of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, 33079 Mersin, Turkey.
lutamer@yahoo.com
Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in pathogenesis injury after
ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R). Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), an active
component of honeybee propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the
effects of CAPE on erythrocyte membrane damage after hind limb I/R. Rats were
divided into two groups: I/R and I/R with CAPE pre-treatment. They were
anaesthetized with intramuscular ketamine 100 mg kg(-1). A 4-h I/R period was
performed on the right hind limb of all animals. In the CAPE-treated group,
animals received CAPE 10 microm by intraperitoneal injection 1 h before the
reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion period, a midsternotomy was
performed. A 5-ml blood sample was withdrawn from the ascending aorta for
biochemical assays. Serum and erythrocyte membrane MDA levels were
significantly lower in the CAPE-treated group when compared to the I/R group (
p = 0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Erythrocyte membrane Na(+)-K(+)
ATPases activity in the CAPE-treated group was significantly higher than the
I/R group ( p<0.001). In conclusion, CAPE seems to be effective in
protecting against oxidative stress. Therefore, we suggest that in order to
decrease I/R injury, pre-administration of CAPE may be a promising agent for a
variety of conditions associated with I/R.
PMID: 15338467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
44:
J
Chemother. 2004 Aug;16(4):381-7. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester ameliorated ototoxicity induced by cisplatin
in rats.
Kizilay A, Kalcioglu MT, Ozerol E, Iraz M, Gulec M, Akyol O, Ozturan O.
Department
of Otorhinolaryngology, Inonu University Medical School, Malatya, Turkey.
akizilay@inonu.edu.tr
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, exhibits
antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the
effect of CAPE on ototoxicity induced with cisplatin. Twenty-four adult Wistar
albino rats were divided into four groups: cisplatin (n=6), saline (n=6), CAPE
(n=6), and cisplatin plus CAPE (n=6). Rats were tested before and 5 days after
cisplatin treatment with or without chemo protection. The Distortion Product
Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) were elicited from the control and experimental
animals utilizing the standard commercial Otoacoustic Emission (OAEs)
apparatus. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under general anesthesia
on the fifth day following last OAE measurements. For biochemical
investigations, the blood samples were drawn from inferior vena cava. On day 0,
the initial baseline DPOAEs measurement results presented similar values while
comparing the groups in drug free phase (p>0.05). On day 5, intrasubject
measurement parameters of DPgrams and I/O functions of cisplatin group were
significantly deteriorated (p<0.05). The second measurements of the other
groups revealed no significant differences between their DPgrams and I/O
functions in all frequencies (p>0.05). Among the biochemical parameters,
plasma xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was found to be more elevated in the
cisplatin group than the saline group (p<0.05). CAPE led to more decreased
XO activity than cisplatin (p<0.05). The results of this study show that
prophylactic administration of CAPE for cisplatin ototoxicity ameliorated
hearing deterioration in rats.
PMID: 15332714 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
45:
Clin
Biochem. 2004 Aug;37(8):702-5. |
Reduction of ischemia--reperfusion induced myocardial infarct size in
rats by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE).
Ozer MK, Parlakpinar H, Acet A.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya,
Turkey. mkozer1971@yahoo.com
Myocardial ischemia--reperfusion (MI/R) represents a clinically relevant
problem associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty, and coronary bypass surgery.
MI/R injury is known to occur on restoration of coronary flow after a period of
myocardial ischemia. Injury of myocardium caused by I/R includes cardiac contractile
dysfunction, arrhythmias, as well as irreversible myocyte damage. Prevention of
myocardial death in acute coronary syndromes is the immediate goal of therapy. The
main factor concerned with the experimental generation of reperfusion damage is
oxygen-derived free radicals. This MI/R injury has been shown to be salvaged by
supplementing antioxidants to diseased hearts. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester
(CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties, and may function in cardiac protection against
I/R-induced damage. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned 14 male
Wistar rats for necrosis experiments. To produce myocardial necrosis, the left
main coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by 120 min of
reperfusion in anesthetized rats. CAPE (50 microM kg-1) was given intravenously
10 min before occlusion and continued during ischemia by infusion pump. The
volume of infarct and the risk zone was determined by planimentry of each
tracing and multiplying by the slice thickness. Infarct was normalized by
expressing it as a percentage of the area at risk. Compared to control group,
CAPE administration statistically reduced the myocardial infarct size/area of
risk zone (50 +/- 4% and 32 +/- 6%, respectively) and the myocardial infarct
size (23 +/- 3% and 9 +/- 4%, respectively) in rat model of
ischemia-reperfusion. In conclusion, this result shows that CAPE is important
in reducing I/R-induced myocardial damage.
PMID: 15302615 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
46:
Nahrung.
2004 Jun;48(3):226-9. |
Preparation and functional properties of extracts from bee bread.
Nagai T, Nagashima T, Myoda T, Inoue R.
Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture,
Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. t1nagai@seibutu.bioindustry.nodai.ac.jp
Three extracts, namely hot-water fraction (HWF), water-soluble fraction (WSF),
and ethanol-soluble fraction (ESF), were prepared from fresh bee bread imported
from Lithuania. The protein and total phenolic contents of these samples were
very high. Among them, WSF at 100% concentration showed the highest
antioxidative ability and scavenging ability. On the other hand, ESF at 10%
concentration possessed the highest ability against
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. Bee bread will
apply more and more as health food and medicine due to its functional
properties such as antioxidative ability and scavenging activities of reactive
oxygen species.
PMID: 15285117 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
47: Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Aug
1;37(3):386-94. |
Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against experimental
allergic encephalomyelitis-induced oxidative stress in rats.
Ilhan A, Akyol O, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Iraz M, Oztas E.
Department
of Neurology, Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey.
ailhan@inonu.edu.tr
Because oxidative damage has been known to be involved in inflammatory and
autoimmune-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of oxygen free radical
production represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory and
autoimmune diseases. Central nervous system tissue is particularly vulnerable
to oxidative damage, suggesting that oxidation plays an important role in the
pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an
active component of honeybee propolis, has been determined to have antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activities. We have previously
reported that CAPE inhibits ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative stress in
rabbit spinal cord tissue. The present study, therefore, examined effects of
CAPE on oxidative tissue damage in EAE in rats. Treatment with CAPE
significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by
EAE, and ameliorated clinical symptoms in rats. These results suggest that CAPE
may exert its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting ROS production at the
transcriptional level through the suppression of nuclear factor kappaB activation,
and by directly inhibiting the catalytic activity of inducible nitric oxide
synthase.
PMID: 15223072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
48:
Arch
Biochem Biophys. 2004 Apr 15;424(2):181-8. |
Antioxidative bioavailability of artepillin C in Brazilian propolis.
Shimizu K, Ashida H, Matsuura Y, Kanazawa K.
Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe
University, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Propolis has strong antioxidative activity. We investigated here whether this
activity was available in intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepG2 cells. Phenolics
in Brazilian propolis, extracted with ethyl acetate after the removal of resin
and wax with 90% methanol, included artepillin C at 21 mmol/100 g, p-coumaric
acid and cinnamic acid relatives 24mmol, kaempferol and its derivatives 9.4
mmol, naringenin 2.8 mmol, isosakuranetin 0.9 mmol, chrysin at 0.8 mmol/100 g,
and several minor components. When the extract was added to the apical side of
Caco-2 monolayers, artepillin C was specifically incorporated into the cells
and released to the basolateral side mostly without conjugation. Then,
artepillin C was added to HepG2 cells and exposed to reactive oxygens. Artepillin
C prevented oxidative damage dose-dependently, and suppressed lipid
peroxidation evaluated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances by 16% and
the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA by 36% at a concentration
of 20microM. Artepillin C is a bioavailable antioxidant.
PMID: 15047190 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
49: J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun
25;279(26):26885-92. Epub 2004 Mar 23. |
Stimulatory actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a known inhibitor
of NF-kappaB activation, on Ca2+-activated K+ current in pituitary GH3 cells.
Lin MW, Yang SR, Huang MH, Wu SN.
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University Medical
College, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic antioxidant derived from the
propolis of honeybee hives, is known to be an inhibitor of activation of
nuclear transcript factor NF-kappaB. Its effects on ion currents have been
investigated in pituitary GH(3) cells. This compound increased Ca(2+)-activated
K(+) current (I(K(Ca))) in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC(50)
value of 14 +/- 2 microm. However, the magnitude of CAPE-induced stimulation of
I(K(Ca)) was attenuated in GH(3) cells preincubated with 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane)
hydrochloride (100 microm) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (
PMID: 15039450 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
50:
Toxicology.
2004 Mar 1;196(1-2):87-93. |
Antioxidative natural product protect against econazole-induced liver
injuries.
Liu CF, Lin CH, Lin CC, Lin YH, Chen CF, Lin CK, Lin SC.
National Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
The study objective of this research is in order to investigate the
hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) on
acute econazole-induced liver injury. Positive control of various
concentrations of PEE on liver function and the dose-response relationship of
liver injury induced by various doses of econazole were firstly observed from
biochemical assay of serum level of aspartate transaminase (SGOT) and serum
alanine transaminase (SGPT) and histopathological microscopic examination. The
hepatoprotective effects of various concentration of PEE on liver damage
induced by hepatotoxic dose (300 mg/kg) of econazole were observed by the
obvious decrement of SGOT and SGPT level and further confirmed by
hepatohistological microscopic examination. The inhibitory effects of PEE on
FeCl(2)-induced (in vitro) or econazole-induced (in vivo) lipid peroxidation
were investigated from the measurement of the formed malonic dialdehyde (MDA)
level in the rat liver homogenate. The IC(50) (microM) of various
concentrations of PEE in the superoxide scavenging activity in econazole (300
mg/kg)-damaged rat liver homogenate were assessed by cytochrome c reduction
method and compared with that of (+)-alpha-tocopherol. It could be postulated
that the hepatoprotective effect of PEE may be, at least in part, due to their
inhibitory ability on membrane lipid peroxidation and free radical formation or
due to their free radical scavenging ability.
PMID: 15036759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
51:
Burns. 2004
Mar;30(2):121-5. |
The effect of CAPE on lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in the
plasma of rats following thermal injury.
Hosnuter M, Gurel A, Babuccu O, Armutcu F, Kargi E, Isikdemir A.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zonguldak Karaelmas
University School of Medicine, Kozlu-Zonguldak 67600, Turkey.
hosnuter@karaelmas.edu.tr
Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that oxygen-derived free
radicals rise in the plasma after thermal injury and participate in the pathogenesis
of tissue damage. Hence, various antioxidant molecules have been used in
treatment of burn injury both experimentally and clinically. Caffeic acid
phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, is
known to have potent antioxidant property. The purpose of the present study was
to investigate the effects of CAPE on oxidative stress in plasma of burned
rats. Experiment was designed in three groups of rats with 20% full-thickness
burn: (a) sham burn (n = 7); (b) burn only (n = 22); (c) burn + treatment with
CAPE (n = 22). Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and
the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were
used as both bio-indicators of oxidant status and determinant of antioxidant
effect of CAPE. They were assessed by biochemical methods at 1st, 3rd, 7th, and
14th post-burn days. In conclusion, CAPE was shown to possess antioxidant
activity by saving SOD activity, preventing XO activity and decreasing the
levels of MDA, and NO. Our study showed that CAPE may be beneficial in burn
injury.
PMID: 15019118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
52:
Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):222-4. |
Comment on:
·
Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):217-21.
Can an herbal preparation of echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C reduce
respiratory illnesses in children?
Sangvai S, Chianese J, Morone N, Bogen DL, Voigt L, Shaikh N.
General Academic Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
shilpa.sangvai@chp.edu
Publication Types:
· Comment
PMID: 14993079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
53:
Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):217-21. |
Comment in:
·
Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):222-4.
Effectiveness of an herbal preparation containing echinacea, propolis,
and vitamin C in preventing respiratory tract infections in children: a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.
Cohen HA, Varsano I, Kahan E, Sarrell EM, Uziel Y.
Pediatric
and Adolescent Ambulatory Community Clinic, Petach Tikva, Israel.
hermanc@post.tau.ac.il
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a preparation containing
echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C in the prevention of respiratory tract
infections in children during a 12-week winter period. DESIGN: Randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SUBJECTS: Four hundred thirty children,
aged 1 to 5 years, were randomized to an herbal extract preparation (n = 215)
or a placebo elixir (n = 215). INTERVENTION: Administration of an herbal
preparation (Chizukit) containing 50 mg/mL of echinacea, 50 mg/mL of propolis,
and 10 mg/mL of vitamin C, or placebo (5.0 mL and 7.5 mL twice daily for ages 1
to 3 years and 4 to 5 years, respectively) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Significant
mean +/- SD reductions of illnesses were seen in the Chizukit group in the
number of illness episodes, 138 vs 308 (55% reduction); number of episodes per
child, 0.9 +/- 1.1 vs 1.8 +/- 1.3 (50% reduction, P<.001); and number of
days with fever per child, 2.1 +/- 2.9 vs 5.4 +/- 4.4) (62% reduction,
P<.001). The total number of illness days and duration of individual
episodes were also significantly lower in the Chizukit group. Adverse drug
reactions were rare, mild, and transient. CONCLUSION: A preventive effect of a
product containing echinacea, propolis, and vitamin C on the incidence of
respiratory tract infections was observed.
Publication Types:
PMID: 14993078 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
54:
Bioresour
Technol. 2004 May;93(1):43-8. |
Screening of poplar biomass for bio-active compounds: a simple method to
assess antioxidant activity.
Warnant P, Mertens P, Marche C.
ISI, rue St. Victor 3, B-4500 Huy, Belgium. paul.warnant@infonie.be
Poplar bud resinoids are a potential source of natural antioxidants. As poplar
culture today involves many hybrids, a simple screening test to assess
antioxidant properties was proposed. This method used the second derivative of
the UV spectra at 233 nm of the iron induced peroxidienes resulting from
linoleic acid peroxidation. Kinetic data showed a lag period followed by a
quadratic increase in peroxidienes. These two phases were more clearly
separated using the square root of the data. An acceptable linear fitting of
the length of the lag phase with antioxidant concentration was observed. Calibrating
the experimental test with BHA therefore allowed an antioxidant assessment as
"BHA equivalent". First results clustered well with taxonomic data,
with typically 0.5, 0.15 and 0.08 "BHA equivalent" for P. nigra, P. X
euramericana and P. X interamericana, respectively.
PMID: 14987719 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
55:
J Med
Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):387-90. |
Effects of chrysin on urinary testosterone levels in human males.
Gambelunghe C, Rossi R, Sommavilla M, Ferranti C, Rossi R, Ciculi C, Gizzi S, Micheletti A, Rufini S.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Sports
Medicine-Laboratorio delle Attivita Motorie e Sportive, University of Perugia,
Perugia, Italy. labsport@unipg.it
The equilibrium of sexual hormones in both sexes is controlled in vertebrates
by the enzyme aromatase, a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which
catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and
estradiol, respectively. Flavonoids are diphenolic compounds present in whole
grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables that are strongly implicated as
protective in coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. One flavonoid,
chrysin, found in high concentrations in honey and propolis, has been shown to
be an inhibitor of aromatase enzyme activity. These foods are often used as
supplements, particulary by sportsmen for their energetic and antioxidant
properties. The aim of this study was to verify if daily treatment for 21 days
with propolis and honey, containing chrysin, would modify urinary
concentrations of testosterone in volunteer male subjects. In fact, aromatase
inhibition by chrysin could block the conversion of androgens into estrogens
with a consequent increase of testosterone, eventually measurable in urine
samples. The obtained data did not show alterations of the levels of
testosterone in the volunteers after 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment in
comparison with baseline values and compared with measurements on the control
subjects at the same time. In conclusion, the use of these foods for 21 days at
the doses usually taken as oral supplementation does not have effects on the
equilibrium of testosterone in human males.
PMID: 14977449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
56:
Mol
Divers. 2004;8(1):21-33. |
Creating molecular diversity from antioxidants in Brazilian propolis. Combination
of TOPS-MODE QSAR and virtual structure generation.
Estrada E, Quincoces JA, Patlewicz G.
Safety, and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever Colworth,
Sharnbrook, Bedford, UK. estrada66@yahoo.com
A QSAR model for antioxidative activity based on the Sub-Structural Molecular
Design (TOPS-MODE) approach is developed for a series of compounds present in
Brazilian propolis. This approach permitted the structural interpretation of
the antioxidative activity of these compounds in terms of bond contributions. By
these means we have identified the structural groups and regions that
contribute to the antioxidative activity of the cinnamic acid and flavonoid
derivatives present in the propolis. These results were then used to identify
the positions and substituents to be used in a virtual compound generation
experiment. Using this approach a total of 327 compounds were generated from
which more than 70 are predicted to be more active than the most powerful antioxidants
in the Brazilian propolis. From these 70 compounds less than 20 have been
reported in the literature. Consequently, a high proportion of novel compounds
with potential antioxidative activity has been identified by the current
approach. This contributes to enhance the molecular diversity of the analogues
of Brazilian propolis compounds with antioxidative properties.
PMID: 14964785 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
57:
Acta
Pharm. 2003 Dec;53(4):275-85. |
Analysis of propolis from the continental and Adriatic regions of
Croatia.
Kosalec I, Bakmaz M, Pepeljnjak S.
Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of
Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. ivan.kosalec@zg.htnet.hr
Thin-layer chromatography of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) from the
continental and Adriatic regions of Croatia showed that 72.2% of propolis
samples contain galangin, 88.8% of samples contain kaempferol, naringenin and
apigenin and 66.6% of samples contain caffeic acid. Caffeic acid, pinocembrin,
galangin, chrysin and naringenin were analyzed by HPLC. In all samples,
pinocembrin was the dominant flavonoid. In samples from the Adriatic region,
concentration of pinocembrin ranged from 0.03 to 6.14% (x = 2.87%) and in the
continental region samples from 0 to 4.74% (x = 2.84%). Chrysin was found in
all propolis samples in a concentration ranging from 0.22 to 5.32% (x = 1.86%)
in the continental region samples and from 0.03 to 3.64% (x = 1.96%) in samples
from the Adriatic region. Chrysin was followed by naringenin, ranging from 0 to
1.14% (x = 0.42%) in samples from the Adriatic region and from 0.22 to 2.41% (x
= 0.60%) in the continental region samples. Concentration of caffeic acid
ranged from 0 to 10.11% (x = 2.69%) in the Adriatic region samples and from
0.27 to 2.67% (x = 1.37%) in samples from the continental region of Croatia. Results
of HPLC analyses suggest that propolis samples collected from various parts of
Croatia do not differ markedly in contents of chrysin, pinocembrin, naringenin
and galangin but differ in the concentration of caffeic acid. All EEPs
significantly inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis in comparison with the
control (80% ethanol) (p < 0.05), showing inhibition zones of 16 +/-
PMID: 14769234 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
58: J Appl Toxicol. 2004
Jan-Feb;24(1):27-35. |
Role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis,
against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Ozen S, Akyol O, Iraz M, Sogut S, Ozugurlu F, Ozyurt H, Odaci E, Yildirim Z.
Department
of Pathology, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School, Van, Turkey.
We have investigated the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on
cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Administration of a single dose of
cisplatin resulted in the elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in
serum, as well as nitric oxide in kidney tissue of rats. Cisplatin also caused
reduction of catalase (P < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (P = 0.149) and
glutathrone peroxidase (P < 0.0001) activities in kidney tissue. Although
cisplatin caused elevation in malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase
activities in kidney tissue, they were not statistically significant. Caffeic
acid phenethyl ester was found to be protective against cisplatin-induced
antioxidant enzyme reductions. Treatment with free-radical scavenger CAPE
attenuated the increase in plasma blood urea nitrogen and kidney nitric oxide
levels, and showed histopathological protection against cisplatin-induced acute
renal failure. Extensive epithelial cell vacuolization, swelling, desquamation
and necrosis were observed in the kidney of the cisplatin-treated rat. There
were also larger tubular lumens in cisplatin-treated rats than those of the
control and the CAPE groups. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester caused a marked
reduction in the extent of tubular damage. It is concluded that administration
of cisplatin imposes an oxidative stress to renal tissue and CAPE confers
protection against the oxidative damage associated with cisplatin. This
mechanism may be attributed to its free-oxygen-radical scavenging activity. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 14745844 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
59:
Biosci
Biotechnol Biochem. 2004 Jan;68(1):260-2. |
A new prenylated flavonoid
from propolis collected in Okinawa, Japan.
Kumazawa S, Goto H, Hamasaka T, Fukumoto S, Fujimoto T, Nakayama T.
Laboratory of Functional Food Science and COE Program in the 21st Century,
School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka,
Japan. kumazawa@smail.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
The new prenylflavonoid, isonymphaeol-B (1), together with three known
compounds, nymphaeol-A (2), nymphaeol-B (3), and nymphaeol-C (4), were isolated
from propolis collected in Okinawa, the southern-most prefecture of Japan. The
structure of each compound was determined by spectral methods, including mass
spectrometry and 2D NMR. Each compound had 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl
radical-scavenging activity.
PMID: 14745198 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
60:
Neurosci
Lett. 2004 Jan 30;355(3):231-5. |
Antioxidant propolis
attenuates kainate-induced neurotoxicity via adenosine A1 receptor modulation
in the rat.
Kwon YS, Park DH, Shin EJ, Kwon MS, Ko KH, Kim WK, Jhoo JH, Jhoo WK, Wie MB, Jung BD, Kim HC.
Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University,
Chunchon 200-701, South Korea.
We examined the effects of the antioxidant propolis on seizures induced by
kainic acid (KA). Sprague-Dawley rats received propolis (75 and 150 mg/kg,
p.o.) five times at 12 h intervals. KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 1 h after
the last propolis treatment. Pretreatment with propolis significantly
attenuated KA-induced seizures and KA-induced increases in hippocampal AP-1 DNA
binding activity in a dose-dependent manner. KA induced increases in the levels
of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, and a decrease in the ratio of
GSH/GSSG. These oxidative stresses and neuronal degenerations were
significantly attenuated by pretreatment with propolis. The neuroprotective
effects of propolis appeared to be counteracted by adenosine receptor
antagonists [A1 antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (25 or 50
microg/kg); A2A antagonist, 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl)xanthine (0.5 or
1 mg/kg); and A2B antagonist, alloxazine (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg)]. However, this
counteraction was most pronounced in the presence of the A1 antagonist. Our
results suggest that the protective effect of propolis against KA-induced
neurotoxic oxidative damage is, at least in part, via adenosine A1 receptor
modulation.
PMID: 14732473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
61:
Biochem
Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 1;67(1):53-66. |
Propolin C from propolis
induces apoptosis through activating caspases, Bid and cytochrome c release in
human melanoma cells.
Chen CN, Wu CL, Lin JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, 100, ROC, Taipei, Taiwan.
We had demonstrated that two prenylflavanones, propolin A and propolin B,
isolated and characterized from Taiwanese propolis, induced apoptosis in human
melanoma cells and significantly inhibited xanthine oxidase activity. Here, we
have isolated a third compound called propolin C. The chemical structure of
propolin C has been characterized by NMR and HRMS spectra, and was identical to
nymphaeol-A. However, no biological activities of this compound have ever been
reported. In the present study, propolin C effectively induced a cytotoxic
effect on human melanoma cells, with an IC(50) of about 8.5 microM. DNA flow
cytometric analysis indicated that propolin C actively induced apoptosis in
human melanoma cells and there is a marked loss of cells from the G2/M phase of
the cell cycle. To address the mechanism of the apoptosis effect of propolin C,
we evaluated the effect of propolin C on induction of apoptosis-related
proteins in human melanoma cells. The levels of procaspase-8, Bid,
procaspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were decreased in dose- or time
course-dependent manners. Moreover, propolin C was capable of releasing
cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. The findings suggest that propolin C
may activate a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. On other hand, propolin
C is a potential antioxidant agent and shows a strong capability to scavenge
free radicals and inhibit on xanthine oxidase activity with IC(50) of about
17.0microM. In conclusion, the isolation and characterization of propolin C
from bee propolis are described for the first time, and this compound is a
powerful inducer of apoptosis in human melanoma cells.
PMID: 14667928 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
62:
Biochem
Pharmacol. 2003 Dec 15;66(12):2281-9. |
Involvement of tumor
suppressor protein p53 and p38 MAPK in caffeic acid phenethyl ester-induced
apoptosis of C6 glioma cells.
Lee YJ, Kuo HC, Chu CY, Wang CJ, Lin WC, Tseng TH.
Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua,
Taiwan, ROC.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has many
biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammation,
antiviral action, and anticancer effect. Our previous studies showed that CAPE
exhibited significant cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells. Herein we further
investigated the cytotoxicity potential of CAPE and the mechanism of its action
in C6 glioma cells. The data exhibited that C6 glioma cells underwent
internucleosomal DNA fragmentation 24 hr after the treatment of CAPE (50
microM). The proportion of C6 glioma cells with hypodiploid nuclei was
increased to 24% at 36 hr after the exposure. Further results showed that CAPE
induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol, and the
activation of CPP32. CAPE application also enhanced the expression of p53, Bax,
and Bak. Finally, the potential signaling components underlying CAPE induction
of apoptosis were elucidated. We found that CAPE activated extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38
MAPK) in C6 glioma cells. More importantly, p38 kinase formed a complex with
p53 after the treatment of CAPE for 0.5 hr. The expression of p53,
phospho-serine 15 of p53, and Bax, and inactivate form of CPP32 was suppressed
by a pretreatment of a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. The resultant
data suggest that p38 MAPK mediated the CAPE-induced p53-dependent apoptosis in
C6 glioma cells.
PMID: 14637186 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
63:
Org
Biomol Chem. 2003 May 7;1(9):1452-4. |
Efficient radical
scavenging ability of artepillin C, a major component of Brazilian propolis,
and the mechanism.
Nakanishi I, Uto Y, Ohkubo K, Miyazaki K, Yakumaru H, Urano S, Okuda H, Ueda J, Ozawa T, Fukuhara K, Fukuzumi S, Nagasawa H, Hori H, Ikota N.
Redox Regulation Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Safety, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
nakanis@nirs.go.jp
Hydrogen transfer from artepillin C to cumylperoxyl radical proceeds via
one-step hydrogen atom transfer rather than via electron transfer, the rate
constant of which is comparable to that of (+)-catechin, indicating that
artepillin C can act as an efficient antioxidant.
PMID: 12926271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
64:
Cell
Biochem Funct. 2003 Sep;21(3):283-9. |
Effects of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester and alpha-tocopherol on reperfusion injury in rat brain.
Irmak MK, Fadillioglu E,
Sogut S, Erdogan H, Gulec M, Ozer M, Yagmurca M, Gozukara ME.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy,
Ankara, Turkey. mkirmak@gata.edu.tr
Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral
injury after ischaemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an
active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. The
purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ischaemia and
subsequent reperfusion on rat brain and to investigate the effects of two free
radical scavengers, CAPE and alpha-tocopherol, on this in vivo model of
cerebral injury. Ischaemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the carotid
arteries for 20 min and reperfusion was achieved by releasing the occlusion to
restore the circulation for 20 min. Control rats underwent a sham operation.
CAPE at 10 micromol kg(-1) or alpha-tocopherol at 25 micromol kg(-1) was
administered intraperitoneally before reperfusion. Reperfusion led to significant
increase in the activity of xanthine oxidase and higher malondialdehyde levels
in the brain. Acute administration of both CAPE and alpha-tocopherol suppressed
ischaemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral lipid peroxidation and injury, but CAPE
seems to offer a better therapeutic advantage over alpha-tocopherol. Copyright
2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMID: 12910483 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
65:
Brain
Res Mol Brain Res. 2003 Jul 23;115(2):111-20. |
Caffeic acid phenethyl
ester (CAPE) prevents inflammatory stress in organotypic hippocampal slice
cultures.
Montpied P, de Bock F, Rondouin G, Niel G, Briant L, Courseau AS, Lerner-Natoli M,
Bockaert J.
Faculte de Pharmacie, CNRS-UMR 5094, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34060
Montpellier Cedex 2, France. pascale.montpied@ibph.pharma.univ-montp1.fr
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an antioxidant component of propolis, a
natural product secreted by honeybee. Recent literature shows that CAPE
inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation in cell lines. Since
NFkappaB was shown to be a crucial factor in neuroinflammation and to be
associated with some neuropathologies, CAPE might reduce these disorders in
brain too and have therapeutic applications. To test this hypothesis we used a
model of endotoxic insult (interferon-gamma, followed by lipopolysaccharide) on
rat organotypic hippocampal cultures. Cerebral inflammatory responses were
strongly inhibited by CAPE (100 microM): reductions of NFkappaB nuclear
activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide productions were
observed. At the dose of maximal effects (100 microM), an increase of
cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) activity, which
anti-inflammatory role is well known, was seen. We compared CAPE effects with
those of other drugs: anti-inflammatory as acetyl-salicylate and dexamethasone
(glucocorticoid), antioxidant as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, or selective
permeant inhibitor of NFkappaB as SN 50 peptide. These studies lead us to
conclude that CAPE presents an interesting and original neuropharmacological
profile compared to these drugs and might be helpful in the prevention of
neurotoxic events due to excessive inflammatory reaction in brain. CAPE
interferes with several effectors of neuroinflammation that might have
complementary and synergic effects and allows a rather durable control since an
acute treatment at the time of endotoxin exposure allows to control
inflammatory factors for over 48 h.
PMID: 12877982 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
66:
J Nat
Prod. 2003 Apr;66(4):503-6. |
Cytotoxic prenylflavanones
from Taiwanese propolis.
Chen CN, Wu CL, Shy HS, Lin JK.
Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,
National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100,
Republic of China.
Two new prenylflavanones, propolin A (2) and propolin B (3), were isolated and
characterized from Taiwanese propolis. Both compounds were found to have
cytotoxic properties against three cancer cell lines. DNA content analyses and
DNA fragmentation indicated that propolin A (2) efficiently induced apoptosis
in cancer cell lines, but had no effect on the cell cycle program. Furthermore,
both propolin A (2) and B (3) are potential antioxidant agents and show strong
scavenging effects against most types of free radicals.
PMID: 12713401 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
67:
Redox Rep.
2002;7(5):347-50. |
Free radical scavenging
activity of propolis.
Ichikawa H, Satoh K, Tobe T, Yasuda I, Ushio F, Matsumoto K, Endo K, Ookubo C.
Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
ichikawa@tokyo-eiken.go.jp
We investigated the radical scavenging activity of propolis by ESR spectroscopy
using spin trapping method. In addition, we examined the influence of a diet of
2% propolis on mice under oxidative stress. At low concentrations, the
methanolic extract of propolis exhibited strong scavenging activity in vitro
towards both the superoxide anion radical, generated by the
hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, and the NO radical, generated from the
mixture of NOC-7 (NO generator) and carboxy-PTIO (spin trapping agent). An
inhibitory effect of propolis on lipid peroxidation in vivo was observed, as
determined by measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in mouse
liver homogenate. The level of vitamin C in the brain of mice under oxidative
stress significantly increased compared with control mice under atmosphere,
which was not observed in the mice given 2% propolis. The level of
alpha-tocopherol in the brain of mice given 2% propolis significantly increased
compared with control mice under atmosphere, which was not observed in mice
under oxidative stress. SOD activity in the brain and plasma of mice given 2%
propolis significantly decreased under atmosphere and oxidative stress compared
with control mice. These results suggest that propolis possesses potent
antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.
PMID: 12688527 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
68:
Arch
Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;26(1):43-6. |
In vivo anti-oxidant
activities of tectochrysin.
Lee S, Kim KS, Park Y, Shin KH, Kim BK.
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
The anti-oxidant activities of tectochrysin, a major compound of propolis, were
investigated. Tectochrysin exhibited a significant decrease in serum
transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by CCl4-intoxication
in rats. Tectochrysin tested exhibited a lipid peroxidation causing a
significant decrease in MDA production in TBA-reactant assay. Tectochrysin was
strong in the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic
superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in
CCl4-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that tectochrysin possess not only
the anti-oxidant, but also the activities in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Especially,
tectochrysin was found to cause significant increases in the rat liver
cytosolic SOD, catalase, GSH-px activities as well as a significant decrease in
the MDA production.
PMID: 12568357 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
69:
Fitoterapia.
2002 Nov;73 Suppl 1:S21-9. |
Antioxidant activity of
propolis: role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and galangin.
Russo A, Longo R, Vanella A.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. alrusso@mbow.unict.it
Propolis, a natural product produced by the honeybee, has been used for
thousands of years in folk medicine for several purposes. The extract contains
amino acids, phenolic acids, phenolic acid esters, flavonoids, cinnamic acid,
terpenes and caffeic acid. It possesses several biological activities such as
antiinflammatory, immunostimulatory, antiviral and antibacterial. The exact
mode of physiological or biochemical mechanisms responsible for the medical
effects, however, is yet to be determined. In this work, we have investigated
the antioxidant activity of a propolis extract deprived of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester (CAPE). In addition, the activity of CAPE and galangin was also
examined. Propolis extract (with and without CAPE) and its active components
showed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging effect, a significant
inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity, and an antilipoperoxidative capacity.
Propolis extract with CAPE was more active than propolis extract without CAPE.
CAPE, used alone, exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, higher than
galangin. The experimental evidence, therefore, suggests that CAPE plays an
important role in the antioxidant activity of propolis.
PMID: 12495706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
70:
Pharmacol
Ther. 2002 Nov-Dec;96(2-3):67-202. |
The biochemistry and
medical significance of the flavonoids.
Havsteen BH.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098,
Kiel, Germany. benthavs@worldonline.dk
Flavonoids are plant pigments that are synthesised from phenylalanine,
generally display marvelous colors known from flower petals, mostly emit
brilliant fluorescence when they are excited by UV light, and are ubiquitous to
green plant cells. The flavonoids are used by botanists for taxonomical
classification. They regulate plant growth by inhibition of the exocytosis of
the auxin indolyl acetic acid, as well as by induction of gene expression, and
they influence other biological cells in numerous ways. Flavonoids inhibit or
kill many bacterial strains, inhibit important viral enzymes, such as reverse
transcriptase and protease, and destroy some pathogenic protozoans. Yet, their
toxicity to animal cells is low. Flavonoids are major functional components of
many herbal and insect preparations for medical use, e.g., propolis (bee's
glue) and honey, which have been used since ancient times. The daily intake of
flavonoids with normal food, especially fruit and vegetables, is 1-
Publication Types:
·
Review
PMID: 12453566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
71:
Am
J Chin Med. 2002;30(2-3):245-54. |
Cytoprotection by propolis
ethanol extract of acute absolute ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions.
Liu CF, Lin CC, Lin MH, Lin YS, Lin SC.
National Taipei College of Nursing, Taiwan, ROC.
Acute p.o. administration of absolute ethanol (1.0 ml/kg) to fasted rats produced
extensive necrosis of gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with p.o. administration of
propolis ethanol extract (PEE) could effectively and dose-dependently prevent
such necrosis. This protective effect is called "cytoprotection. "The
maximal cytoprotective effect against absolute ethanol (AE)-induced gastric
mucosal lesion was observed 1 hour after PEE administration. A gross
examination of the gastric mucosa showed a marked improvement in groups
receiving PEE. In order to further investigate the gastric protective mechanism
of PEE, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in vivo and in vitro were estimated.
PEE exhibited dose-dependent superoxide scavenging activity and antioxidant
effects on AE-induced LPO in rat gastric mucosal homogenates. It was concluded
that the gastric protective mechanism of PEE was due, at least in part, to its
ability to inhibit LPO, and hence indirectly protect the gastric mucosa from
oxidative stress.
PMID: 12230013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
72:
Free
Radic Res. 2002 Jun;36(6):711-6. |
In vitro antioxidant
profile of phenolic acid derivatives.
Cos P, Rajan P, Vedernikova I,
Calomme M, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ, Augustyns K, Haemers A, Vanden Berghe D.
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Several caffeic acid esters isolated from propolis exhibit interesting
antioxidant properties, but their in vivo use is compromised by hydrolysis of the
ester bond in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a series of caffeic acid
amides were synthesized and their in vitro antioxidant profile was determined.
A series of hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and the synthesized
caffeic acid amides were tested for both their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) free radical scavenging and microsomal lipid peroxidation-inhibiting
activity. Some of the highly active antioxidants were further tested by means
of electron paramagnetic resonance for their hydroxyl radical scavenging
activity. Since a promising antioxidant compound should show a lipid
peroxidation-inhibiting activity at micromolar level and a low cytotoxicity,
the cytotoxicity of the phenolic compounds was also studied. In all the assays
used, the caffeic acid anilides and the caffeic acid dopamine amide showed an
interesting antioxidant activity.
PMID: 12180197 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
73:
Phytother
Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):340-7. |